C&T Subcommittee Hearing: Public Safety Communications in the United States

House Subcommittee on Communications and Technology

2025-09-09

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Summary

This meeting focused on the critical state of public safety communications, highlighting the urgent need for modernization, improved infrastructure, and sustained funding for first responders across the United States[ 00:16:32-00:16:35 ] [ 00:20:47-00:21:08 ]

. Speakers emphasized the devastating consequences of communication failures during emergencies and discussed legislative actions needed to ensure reliable systems nationwide[ 00:21:08-00:21:35 ] [ 00:25:28-00:25:47 ] .

Themes

Next Generation 911 (NG911) Deployment and Funding

NG911 is vital for modernizing emergency call centers, enabling them to receive texts, photos, and videos, and providing precise geolocation data for callers[ 00:22:52-00:23:46 ]

. This advanced technology would significantly improve response times and save lives, but its nationwide deployment requires consistent and substantial funding[ 00:23:51 ] . Currently, many 911 systems rely on outdated, voice-centric technology that cannot process modern data, making federal investment crucial to transition to an information-rich, cyber-secure, and resilient system. While a 2018 study estimated the cost of full transition at $9-13 billion, adjusting for today's dollars would bring it closer to $15 billion, and delaying funding for new cost estimates is deemed unnecessary[ 01:17:17 ] .

First Responder Network (FirstNet) Reauthorization and Expansion

FirstNet, a nationwide broadband network specifically for public safety, was established after 9/11 to ensure reliable communication for first responders[ 00:22:04 ]

. Its statutory authority is set to expire in 2027, necessitating congressional assessment and reauthorization[ 00:22:30 ] . Witnesses highlighted FirstNet's benefits, such as dedicated bandwidth, priority, and preemptive capabilities, which are crucial during disasters and in areas with limited commercial coverage. There is a strong call for its continued expansion into rural areas and for removing the sunset provision to allow reinvestment of program revenues without taxpayer dollars.

Importance of Public Broadcasting for Emergency Alerts

Public broadcasting stations play a critical role in public safety by delivering emergency alerts and information, especially when cellular and internet services fail[ 00:26:00-00:26:09 ]

. Examples include earthquake early warnings and critical updates during hurricanes, which reach nearly 99% of Americans[ 00:26:14 ] . Concerns were raised about congressional Republicans cutting over a billion dollars in funding to public media, jeopardizing the Next Generation Warning System and leaving rural and remote communities vulnerable[ 00:26:24 ] .

Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions

Public safety communication systems are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks, as demonstrated by a ransomware attack on the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department that took computer-aided dispatch offline. This incident underscored the need for consistent federal cybersecurity standards and resources to protect against growing digital threats. Collaborations with agencies like the FBI and CISA, along with vulnerability assessments and reliable funding, are essential to strengthen cybersecurity for local law enforcement and public safety agencies.

Challenges in Rural Areas and Infrastructure Resilience

Rural communities face significant challenges in public safety communications due to "dead spots" in coverage and geographical barriers. Disasters frequently damage critical infrastructure like fiber optic lines and cell towers, leading to widespread communication outages[ 00:21:13-00:21:25 ]

[ 02:04:02 ] . Solutions include hardening existing infrastructure, using deployable assets like mobile cell towers, and leveraging low Earth orbit satellite systems for temporary or permanent connectivity in remote areas. Interoperability across different service providers and jurisdictional lines is also crucial, although technological advancements are helping to mitigate past difficulties[ 01:00:17-01:00:21 ] [ 01:10:56 ] .

Role of AI and Advanced Technologies

Next Generation 911 is designed to integrate advanced tools, including artificial intelligence, for cybersecurity, managing high call volumes, real-time language translation, and improved situational awareness[ 00:23:37 ]

. AI can analyze incoming data to provide more precise information to field responders, enhancing their preparation for emergencies. Drone technology, capable of real-time video transmission, also benefits from robust broadband networks for enhanced intelligence and response coordination.

Tone of the Meeting

The overall tone of the meeting was one of urgency and shared concern for the safety of communities and first responders[ 00:25:28 ]

. While there was broad bipartisan agreement on the critical need to modernize public safety communications and support first responders, discussions became contentious regarding funding mechanisms and past legislative decisions, particularly concerning the allocation of spectrum auction proceeds and cuts to public broadcasting[ 01:03:50-01:04:08 ] [ 01:48:37 ] . Speakers often expressed frustration over political roadblocks hindering progress on essential infrastructure improvements. There was also a strong sense of appreciation and respect for the dedication of first responders.